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Taxonomy

Research · Methodology

Every category we measure, defined in plain language — with an example of how it shows up online.

Our antisemitism taxonomy, adapted from the Decoding Antisemitism framework, organizes hateful content into six categories and 43 specific subcategories. Anywhere a category appears in the dashboard, hover its name to see this definition. Examples below are abstract paraphrases — they describe the form of each subcategory without reproducing hateful content.

Example · Depicting Jewish people as alien outsiders, inherently dishonest, or less than human.

The Other/Foreign

Jews constructed as fundamentally alien to any national or cultural in-group

Evil & Moral Corruption

Jews depicted as constitutively evil, morally corrupt, or sexually deviant — moral deficiency as innate group character

Blood Libel & Child Murder

Fabricated accusation of Jewish ritual killing of children

Repulsiveness & Dehumanization

Jews depicted as disgusting, vermin-like, or sub-human

Religious Antisemitism

Antisemitism grounded in Christian theological tradition — demonic framing, deicide accusations, supersessionism and replacement theology, and conversion demands

Lie and Deceit

Jews collectively attributed with systematic dishonesty or deception

Vengefulness

Jews depicted as driven by revenge and vindictiveness

Disloyalty/Jewish Loyalty

Accusation that Jewish national loyalty is inherently suspect or divided

Blame for Antisemitism

Jews held collectively responsible for antisemitism directed at them

Example · Claiming a hidden Jewish elite secretly controls banks, media, or world events.

Greed, Exploitation, & Identification with Capitalism

Jews stereotyped as greedy, exploitative, and as the embodiment of capitalism

Power

Jews alleged to exercise disproportionate hidden power over society and institutions

Conspiracy Theories

Jews accused of orchestrating secret coordinated plans to control world events

Disintegration

Jews accused of deliberately fragmenting national culture or social cohesion

Self-Victimization

Reversal of victim and offender roles — perpetrators of antisemitism framed as faultless victims of Jews, Israelis, or the fight against antisemitism

Example · Claiming the Holocaust is exaggerated, or that Jews exploit its memory for political gain.

Rejection of Guilt

Refusal to acknowledge German or European guilt for the Holocaust

Demands for a Clean Break with the Nazi Past

Calls to end historical accountability and public memory of the Holocaust

Holocaust Distortion & Denial

Misrepresentation, minimization, or outright denial of the Holocaust

Relativization & Denial of Antisemitism

Minimization or denial that a statement or act constitutes antisemitism

Instrumentalization of Antisemitism & the Holocaust

Exploiting Holocaust memory or antisemitism charges for unrelated political purposes

Nazi-Jewish Collaboration

False claim that Jews collaborated with the Nazis in perpetrating the Holocaust

Admonishers

Demands that Jews moderate how they speak about antisemitism or Israel

Taboo of Criticism

Claim that Jews weaponize antisemitism charges to silence legitimate criticism

Jews Have Not Learned from the Past

Accusation that Jews now repeat the behavior of their own historical oppressors

Example · Holding every Jewish person responsible for Israel's actions, or openly praising Nazism.

Holding Jews Collectively Responsible for Israel's Actions

Holding all Jews globally responsible for Israeli state actions

Jewish Privilege & the "Free Pass"

Claim that Jewish victimhood confers unearned social or political advantage

Affirmation of Antisemitism

Explicit endorsement, glorification, or positive evaluation of antisemitic content — Nazi, Hitler, and Holocaust affirmation as the paradigm case

Example · Comparing Israelis to Nazis, or denying Israel any right to exist — beyond ordinary policy criticism.

Nazi Analogy/Fascism Analogies

Comparing Israel, Israelis, or Zionism to Nazis or fascist movements

Apartheid Analogy/Racist State

Framing Israel as inherently apartheid or constitutively racist by nature

Colonialism Analogies

Framing Zionism as European settler-colonialism with no legitimate historical basis

Terrorist State

Characterizing Israel as a terrorist organization or state sponsor of terrorism

Genocide

Accusing Israel of committing genocide

Double Standards

Applying scrutiny to Israel disproportionate to that applied to other states

Denial of Israel's Right to Exist

Rejecting the legitimacy of Israel's existence as a state

Calls for Boycott of Israel and Support for BDS

Using BDS as a vehicle for delegitimizing Israel's existence, not policy criticism

Israel's Sole Guilt in the Conflict

Attributing total responsibility for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to Israel alone

Example · Insults, curses, explicit threats, or calls for violence directed at Jewish people.

Insults

Derogatory remarks targeting Jews on the basis of ethnicity or religion

Threats

Explicit or implicit threats of harm directed at Jews

Curses

Wishes for misfortune or harm directed at Jews

Death Wishes

Explicit wishes for the death of Jews or the Jewish people

Affirmation & Celebration of Violence

Affirming past violence against Jews or expressing desire for future violence, without directing anyone to act

Incitement to Violence

Directive speech acts urging, instructing, or mobilizing others to commit violence against Jews or Israelis

Schadenfreude at Harm

Satisfaction at Jewish suffering not tied to specific violent acts — disaster, illness, poverty, or systemic harm

Deportation/Exclusion Commands

Directive speech acts demanding the removal or exclusion of Jews — verbal commands performed as aggression